【我们这十年@坐标中国】“逆行”重器中流击水,创造救援速度奇迹******
中新网北京10月12日电题:“逆行”重器中流击水,创造救援速度奇迹
记者 左宇坤
以精锐之“能”,护百姓之“安”,每一次极速救援,都是一场全力以赴,是承诺更是本色。
降水量创纪录、多地洪涝、堤坝溃口……今年夏天,暴雨不断的辽宁牵动无数人的心。
洪水来袭,绕阳河突发溃口。中国安能集团(应急管理部自然灾害工程应急救援中心)分别从北京、唐山、武汉、成都等多个方向调集专业救援力量250余人,调度280余台套装备,执行堤防溃口封堵任务。
“成功合龙!”经过6天鏖战,伴随着现场的欢呼声,终于迎来了胜利时刻。
向险而行,决战绕阳河
今年入汛以来,辽宁全省迎来了多轮强降雨天气,盘锦市的降雨量也比往年偏多7成,绕阳河盘锦段更是出现了有水文记录以来的最大洪水。
8月1日,绕阳河左岸曙四联段一处堤坝出现严重透水导致溃口,宽度一度扩展到51.7米。奔流的河水迅速倒灌,盘锦市紧急启动了防汛一级预警。
当地居民还记得,被洪水侵蚀过的沥青路面成片掀起,有的路段已经塌落,洪水几乎没过农户房子的屋顶。
危难之时,一场惊心动魄的溃口封堵战打响。
狭窄的堤坝上,硬实力与新科技集结:推土机、挖掘机、自卸车等重型工程救援装备有序作业,倾倒石料并推平压实;全站仪、多波束无人侦测船、测流无人机组成“海陆空”组合,对溃口口门宽度、溃口水位高程、溃口附近堤坝变形情况、河底冲刷数据进行动态监控。
“以多波束无人侦测船为例,它就像三维彩超一样,能清晰地看到水下的溃口情况,绘制溃口处水下情况图,为专家组制定封堵方案提供第一手准确动态数据。”参加盘锦绕阳河溃口封堵的中国安能集团安全总监王永平介绍。
20米、13米、6米……在千万网友的关注下,经过不分昼夜的连续作业,溃口距离一点点缩小。终于在6日,被洪水冲开100多个小时的河堤完全合龙,溃口南北两侧的抢修人员握手相遇,摇旗欢呼。
辽宁盘锦绕阳河堤坝溃口封堵现场。 中国安能集团 供图装备更新,十年大不同
争分夺秒救人,全力以赴抢险。在工程救援领域,场场都是大仗、硬仗。
干旱、洪涝、滑坡、泥石流、地震……在触目惊心的自然灾害面前,人类显得特别渺小。后续的自然灾害工程救援过程中,也常常伴随着通信中断、滑坡、泥石流挡路,巨石挡道等各种复杂情况。
天灾无情,但中国救援队伍却从未向大自然的力量低头。持续加大关键技术攻关和关键装备研发力度,提高专业化技术装备水平和防灾减灾救灾能力,只是为了让救援的速度快一些、再快一些。
2008年汶川地震,救援队伍使用短波电台传出震中消息,这种电台需要专人操作,远距离通信还得架设地面天线;如今,救援队伍用上了天通卫星电话,小巧方便,全天候待机,随时向指挥所报告最新动态。
准确收集掌握险情信息是科学指挥决策的关键。以前,救援队伍依赖纸质地图进行灾情侦测;如今,有了“天地水”三位一体侦测设备,前方第一时间对灾区进行三维数字建模,利用通信装备回传到后方指挥所,实时指挥。
从人工装填沙袋,到砂石自动装袋机;从冒着生命危险驾驶装备开辟生命通道,到无人遥控挖掘机;从笨重的工程作业机械,到多功能、轻便化的应急救援装备……科技抢险利器的广泛应用,让救援队伍如虎添翼。
“研制这些装备,既是为了不断提升抢险救援能力,完成以往不可能处置的险情,也能够对人力进行补充,完成以往需要花费更多人力、时间才能完成的救援工作,更好提升抢险救援质效。”中国安能集团总工程师张利荣说。
救援现场。 中国安能集团 供图科技赋能,救援提质效
2021年7月,河南省新乡市中北部遭受大暴雨、特大暴雨。洪水没过了庄稼和低矮的房屋,上千名群众被困在屋顶等处等待救援。怎样才能把他们快速安全地转移出来?
八方而来的救援队伍中,被誉为“救援航母”的动力舟桥位列其中。传统搜救过程里,一艘冲锋舟只能坐5-6人,如果水里有各种杂物,还经常会被搅进螺旋桨里。
由河中舟及岸边舟组装拼接而成的动力舟桥,则可快速架设成各种形式的浮式结构,能够适应3.5米/秒的流速,抵抗较大流速的水流冲击。最多可运载500人或70吨级重型装备和车辆,集浮桥、渡运于一体,有效解决了涉水抢险难题。
风雨中架起“生命之舟”。经过近4个小时的持续救援,动力舟桥分7个批次,将1400余名被困群众全部成功转移。
暴雨袭城,城市中大量积水形成内涝同样会对生产生活产生巨大影响。大功率排水抢险车,便适用于城市道路、公路隧道、无电源地区排水及消防应急供水防洪抢险。
垂直式大功率排水抢险车排水扬程高度可达22米,相当于能把水喷到7层居民楼房的高度;“吸水能力”最为强悍的5000型大功率排水抢险车一小时能排5000方积水,可以迅速用于城市内涝积水清理。
风雨之中,危难之处,总有一抹橙色的光,向险而行、不辱使命。以愈发先进的科技装备,以大幅提升的救援效率,以源远流长的团结精神,中国人打造出独一无二的中国救援速度。(完)
中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。 资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。 因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。 日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。 Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
|